Microservices and containers introduce complexity but also scalability and flexibility. Developers can use service meshes (e.g., Istio) for service discovery and secure communication between services. For consistency, tools like Kubernetes ensure high availability and fault tolerance. Security should be baked into the CI/CD pipeline, incorporating container scanning, network policies, and secret management tools (e.g., Vault). Automated monitoring and logging help track service performance and detect issues early.